ABSTRACT
Background: Anthropometric measures have been used for screening patients for cardiovascular abnormalities and metabolic syndrome since many years. There are numerous methods to assessing overweight and obesity, such as measurements of weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference and calculation of waist hip ratio and BMI. Due to cultural inhibitions measurement of hip, thigh or waist circumference is cumbersome in females, neck circumference could be an acceptable option for such patients.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients attending the outpatient department in Yenepoya medical college Hospital between the period of May 2017 to May 2018. Total 201 patients chosen randomly in which 145 males and 56 females, fulfilling criteria of age >20 years were included. Pregnant females, patients with thyroid disorders, history of previous neck surgery were excluded.Results: Out of the 201 population studied, Cardio metabolic syndrome was present in 94 participants according to criteria of NCEP ATP III. In our study there is a significant correlation between neck circumference and metabolic syndrome (p value <0.001).Conclusions: Patients with Neck Circumference (NC) >37 cm in males and >34 cm in females are more prone for having cardio metabolic risk factors than patients with NC <37 cm in males and <34 cm in females. NC may be used as a simple and time saving screening measure to identify cardio metabolic risk factors in patients.
ABSTRACT
Background: India is predicted to bear the greatest Coronary artery disease (CAD) burden, according to the estimates from the global burden of disease study. Majority of the time the patient of diabetes presents with complications like Myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure, being end stages of cardiovascular disease associated with other macro and micro-vascular complications.Methods: This study was done in view of screening the asymptomatic diabetic individuals presenting to our hospital for any evidence of early cardio-vascular manifestations. With the aid of non-invasive testing such as electrocardiography (ECG) and 2D echo the early changes were noted and compared with the normal population and the cardiac status thus evaluated. A total of 106 patients (53 were diabetic and 53 non-diabetic controls) were included in the study in order to compare the ECG and 2D echo findings among the population. The main aim of the present study was to observe the ECG manifestations in diabetic patients without overt symptoms of any cardiac disease and to evaluate the ECG changes along with 2D echocardiogram in asymptomatic diabetic patients and compare with normal population.Results: From the study, it was observed that majority among the diabetic population were found to have statistically significant changes in the ECG like PR interval prolongation, T wave inversions and QT interval prolongation. 2D ECHO studied showed the presence of Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and Regional wall motion abnormalities to be evident among the diabetic population.Conclusions: It was concluded from the study that diabetic patients have a higher risk of cardiovascular morbidities compared to the general population and ECG changes are observed even when they are clinically asymptomatic. This observation has been confirmed by the 2D echo findings. It is essential to screen diabetic patients at an early stage to prevent cardiovascular complications. ECG being a relatively cheap and non-invasive investigation should be utilized to screen diabetics for the same.